Our in-vitro study capabilities

Pharmacodynamic (PD) studies

We support in vitro pharmacodynamic and pathway modulation studies using advanced 2D and 3D cellular models combined with high-content immunofluorescence imaging.

Capabilities include:

  • Target engagement validation

  • Protein expression quantification

  • Phosphorylation pathway analysis (e.g., p-ERK, p-AKT, p-STAT)

  • Nuclear translocation assays

  • Signaling pathway activation/inhibition studies

  • Dose–response profiling

  • Time-course response analysis

  • Multiplex biomarker analysis

  • Subcellular localization studies

  • Pathway crosstalk evaluation

Imaging-based phenotypic assays

We design and execute high-content imaging assays to quantify cellular responses at single-cell resolution.

Applications include:

  • Morphological profiling

  • Cytoskeletal remodeling analysis

  • Cell migration & invasion assays

  • Organoid structural integrity analysis

  • Cell-cell interaction studies

  • Cell-matrix interaction assessment

  • Differentiation marker analysis

  • Stress response profiling

Drug perturbation & dose-response studies

We perform controlled drug treatments in engineered cellular systems prior to ICC/IF analysis.

Study types:

  • Dose escalation studies

  • Time-dependent response studies

  • Combination treatment studies

  • Drug synergy evaluation

  • Resistance model assessment

  • Drug penetration studies in 3D spheroids/organoids

Toxicity & cellular safety profiling

We support early in vitro toxicity assessments using imaging-based readouts.

Capabilities include:

  • Cytotoxicity analysis

  • Apoptosis and necrosis quantification

  • DNA damage assessment (e.g., γH2AX)

  • Mitochondrial integrity analysis

  • Oxidative stress marker evaluation

  • Organoid viability assays

Advanced 2D & 3D model engineering

We develop physiologically relevant in vitro systems tailored to experimental goals.

Model capabilities:

  • 2D monolayer cultures

  • 3D spheroids

  • Organoids

  • Biomaterial-supported cultures

  • Engineered microenvironments

  • Mechanically tuned substrates

  • Microfluidic-compatible systems

  • Co-culture systems

Advanced data analysis

All studies can include advanced analysis pipelines.

Analysis capabilities:

  • Single-cell segmentation

  • Fluorescence intensity quantification

  • Spatial distribution analysis

  • Colocalization analysis

  • Morphometric profiling

  • Heatmaps & dose-response curves

  • Statistical comparison across treatment groups

  • AI-ready annotated dataset generation

Our cellular labeling services

Foundational ICC/IF

Our foundational service provides reliable immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence labeling for standard 2D cell cultures. This service is ideal for routine antibody validation, preliminary studies, and biomarker screening. Clients receive high-quality fluorescence images generated using optimized protocols and standardized workflows.

Best for:
• Routine IF/ICC experiments
• Initial antibody testing
• Single or dual-marker staining
• Academic and early discovery projects

Microscopic view of neural cells with green stained nerve fibers and blue stained nuclei against a black background.
Fluorescent microscopy image of glioblastoma cells with green-stained cytoskeleton and purple-stained nuclei, showing cell extensions.

Advanced ICC/IF

The advanced service expands to include optimized labeling and imaging of both 2D cultures and 3D systems such as spheroids and simple organoids. This tier includes protocol customization, improved imaging depth, and basic quantitative analysis to support drug discovery and translational research workflows.

Best for:
• Drug discovery and phenotypic screening
• 3D spheroids and early organoid models
• Multi-marker labeling
• Comparative studies across conditions

Fluorescein staining of neural cells showing intricate network-like patterns.

High-content ICC/IF

Our high-content immunofluorescence service is designed for complex 3D models, including organoids and engineered tissue systems. This tier includes multiplex labeling, high-resolution imaging, and in-depth quantitative analysis, and supports projects requiring robust, reproducible, and presentation-ready datasets.

This service is well-suited for biopharma discovery programs, antibody validation campaigns, and studies requiring publication- or marketing-ready data.

Best for:
• Complex 3D organoids and tissue models
• Multiplex IF and spatial analysis
• Antibody validation for reagent suppliers
• High-quality datasets for decision-making, publication, or marketing

*All services are customized based on project scope, sample type, and experimental goals.

ICC / IF Service Workflow

Step 1: Cell Culture & Model Establishment

We support a wide range of in vitro cell culture formats, including:

  • 2D monolayer cultures

  • 3D spheroids and organoids

  • Cells cultured on or within scaffolds and biomaterials

  • Engineered microenvironments designed to mimic tissue-specific biochemical and biomechanical cues

Cell culture conditions are customized to provide an optimal niche based on the cell type, disease model, and experimental objectives. Drug treatments or other perturbations can be applied prior to downstream ICC/IF analysis.

Step 2: Antibody Selection & Optimization

We optimize antibodies for ICC/IF by evaluating:

  • Antibody concentration and incubation conditions

  • Fixation and permeabilization strategies

  • Blocking conditions to minimize background

This ensures high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility, including for novel targets and antibody validation studies.

Step 3: ICC / IF Labeling

ICC/IF labeling is performed using standardized, well-controlled protocols optimized for each cell model and culture format.
Appropriate controls are included to validate staining quality and experimental consistency.

Step 4: Fluorescence Imaging & Quantitative Analysis

We perform high-resolution fluorescence imaging for single-marker and multiplex ICC/IF experiments, including:

  • Confocal or high-content imaging

  • Multiplex immunofluorescence

  • Quantitative image analysis (signal intensity, spatial localization, morphology, and phenotypic metrics)

Data outputs include publication-ready images and structured quantitative reports suitable for decision-making, validation, or marketing purposes.